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恭王府坐落在京什刹海西岸的柳荫街，约建于1776年。它的前身是乾隆皇帝宠臣大学士和珅的松宅。嘉庆年间，由嘉庆皇帝赐予其第庆王永璘居住，成为庆王府。后又咸丰皇帝将其赐予自己的六第恭亲王奕訢，从此称为恭王府。这是一座气势恢宏且独具特色的中国传统建设，是北京现存清代王府中布署最精美，保存最完善的一处。
公元1644年，清军入关，灭明朝。清朝自此定都北京，沿用明代的紫禁城为皇城，并开始大规模分封诸王和修建王府。于明代不同，清代的王府不是分散在全国各地的，入关以前全部集中在盛京（沈阳），入关后全部集中于北京。北京的清代王府基本建在内城（即今北京市东城区和西城区）。内城的核心是皇宫紫禁城，王府点缀周围犹加众星捧月，显示出皇帝至高无上的核心地位。这些王府是在不同年代，随着不断分封而修建起来的。从1616年清朝建立至1911年宣统皇帝退位，在将近300年的时间中，清朝封王近百位，所建王府的数量也相当可观。而且，清朝灭亡以后北京的王府也随之迅速萧条败落，很多都改换主人，派作其他用途。时至今日，这些王府大都难觅原貌。
在目前尚存的十几座王府中，恭王府是保存最完整的，也是唯一对外开放的。而且，尽管它不是其中历史最悠久的，但它的历代主人的兴衰更与清王朝的政治发展，权力斗争息息相关。从乾隆中期到清朝未年的一百多年中，它见证了清朝盛极渐衰直至灭亡的全过程。尤其其中两位主人—乾隆朝权倾一时的大学士和珅以及经历了道光，咸丰，同治，光绪四朝并在咸，同，光三朝都曾手握重权的恭亲王奕訢，都是清朝历史上举足轻重的人物，因而素来有“一座恭王府，半都清朝史”之说。它是认识我国封建社会晚期王府历史变迁，制度沿革和人物风情的重要载体，在我国古代建筑以及历史，文化方面占有独特的地位。
Source: Zhang Ai, Hou Su (Editors) 2008. Prince Gong's Palace. Chinese Theatre Press.
Prince Gong's mansion is located on Liuyin Street on the west bank of Shishahai in Beijing. It was built in approximately 1776. It is a former residence of ministers and university scholars favored by Emperor Qian Long. During the reign of Jia Qing, the emperor granted Qing Wang Yonglin permission to live in the residence and it became known as Prince Qing's Residence. Afterwards, Emperor Xian Feng granted to to his own sixth brother Grand Prince Yi Xin and it became known as Prince Gong's Palace. This is an imposing, expansive, and spacious building and, further, independently has traditional Chinese characteristics. It is one of Beijing's still existing, most refined, best preserved, and complete Qing Dynasty declared bureau.
In 1644 Ad the Qing army cut off and eliminated the Ming Dynasty. Since the Qing Dynasty designated the capital as Beijing they continued to use the Ming Dynasty as the emporer's palace and began to started large scale dividing and confering of property to princes and to build palaces. In contrast with the Ming Dynasty the Qing Dynasty Prince's mansions were not scattered all over the country. Before siezing power the Qing Dynasty's mansions were concentrated in Shengjing (Shenyang) but after siezing power they were moved to Beijing. Beijing's princes' mansions are basically in the inner city (that is in present Beijing Dongcheng and Xicheng districts). The core of the inner city is the Imperial Palace and surrounding it the Prince's mansions decorate the Forbidden City adding a multitude of stars held up to the moon, displaying the emperor's unsurpassed crown position at the core. These prince's mansions were built over different periods of time, following uninterupted division and granting of property. From 1616 to 1911 when the last Qing emperor Xuan Tong (Pu Yi) abdicated, in almost 300 years the Qing Dynasty granted nearly one hundred properties to princes and all buildings are very worthwhile to visit. In addition, after the demise of the Qing Dynasty, Beijings' princes' palaces rapidly fell into decline, many changed owners, and were put to other uses. Even now it is difficult to see the original form of most of these mansions.
At present, amongst the ten or so prince's mansions, Prince Gong's mansion is the best preserved and most intact and is the only one open to the public. However, even though is is not amongst the oldest the rise and fall of its successive generations of owners followed the tide of Qing Dynasty politics and was closely connected with the struggle for power. From the reign of Qian Long to the end of the Qing Dynasty, over more than a hundred years, it has witnessed the prosperity and gradual decline up to and including the ultimate demise of the Qing Dynasty. In particular, there were two hosts — at the time of collapse of the court of Qian Long, the university scholar He Shen, as well as Grand Prince Yi Xin who experienced the reigns of emperors Dao Guang, Xian Feng, Tong Zhi, and Guang Xu and, furthermore wielded signifcant power duing the reigns of Xian, Tong, and Guang's &mdash both played key roles in Qing history. So it is said that “in the Prince Gong Mansion is half of Qing capital's history.” It witnessed the late period of China's historic feudal society, the vicissitudes of politics in the prince's mansion, the evolution of political institutions, and historic characters. Because of architectural and cultural history aspects it possessed a unique place during historic times.
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