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周書 多方 Zhou Shu - Numerous Regions
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惟五月丁亥，王來自奄，至于宗周。In the fifth month, on the day Ding-hai, the king arrived from Yan, and came to (Hao), the honoured (capital of) Zhou.
周公曰：「王若曰：『猷，告爾四國多方，惟爾殷侯尹民。我惟大降爾命，爾罔不知。洪惟圖天之命，弗永寅念于祀。惟帝降格于夏，有夏誕厥逸，不肯戚言于民；乃大淫昏，不克終日勸于帝之迪：乃爾攸聞。厥圖帝之命，不克開于民之麗；乃大降罰，崇亂有夏，因甲于內亂。不克靈承于旅，罔丕惟進之恭，洪舒于民。亦惟有夏之民，叨懫日欽，劓割夏邑。天惟時求民主，乃大降顯休命于成湯，刑殄有夏。「惟天不畀純，乃惟以爾多方之義民，不克永于多享。惟夏之恭多士，大不克明保享于民，乃胥惟虐于民；至于百為，大不克開。乃惟成湯，克以爾多方，簡代夏作民主。慎厥麗，乃勸；厥民刑，用勸。以至于帝乙，罔不明德慎罰，亦克用勸。要囚，殄戮多罪，亦克用勸；開釋無辜，亦克用勸。今至于爾辟，弗克以爾多方享天之命。』「嗚呼！
The duke of Zhou said, 'The king speaks to the following effect: "Ho! I make an announcement to you of the four states, and the numerous (other) regions. Ye who were the officers and people of the prince of Yin, I have dealt very leniently as regards your lives, as ye all know. You kept reckoning greatly on (some) decree of Heaven, and did not keep with perpetual awe before your thoughts (the preservation of) your sacrifices.
'"God sent down correction on Xia, but the sovereign (only) increased his luxury and sloth, and would not speak kindly to the people. He showed himself dissolute and dark, and would not yield for a single day to the leadings of God - this is what you have heard. He kept reckoning on the decree of God (in his favour), and did not cultivate the means for the people's support. By great inflictions of punishment also he increased the disorder of the states of Xia. The first cause (of his evil course) was the internal misrule, which made him unfit to deal well with the multitudes. Nor did he endeavour to find and employ men whom he could respect, and who might display a generous kindness to the people; but where any of the people of Xia were covetous and fierce, he daily honoured them, and they practised cruel tortures in the cities. Heaven on this sought a (true) lord for the people, and made its. distinguished and favouring decree light on Tang the Successful, who punished and destroyed the sovereign of Xia. Heaven's refusal of its favour (to Xia) was decided. The righteous men of your numerous regions were not permitted. to continue long in their posts of enjoyment, and the many officers whom Xia's (last sovereign) honoured were unable intelligently to maintain the people in the enjoyment (of their lives), but, on the contrary, aided one another in oppressing them, till of the hundred ways of securing (prosperity) they could not promote (one).
'"In the case indeed of Tang the Successful, it was because he was the choice of your numerous regions that he superseded Xia, and became the lord of the people. He paid careful attention to the essential virtue (of a sovereign), in order to stimulate the people, and they on their part imitated him and were stimulated. From him down to Di-Yi, the sovereigns all made their virtue illustrious, and were cautious in the use of punishments; thus also exercising a stimulating influence (over the people). When they, having examined the evidence in criminal cases, put to death those chargeable with many crimes, they exercised the same influence, and they did so also when they liberated those who were not purposely guilty. But when the throne came to your (last) sovereign, he could not with (the good will of) your numerous regions continue in the enjoyment of the favouring decree of Heaven." Oh!'
王若曰：『誥告爾多方，非天庸釋有夏，非天庸釋有殷；乃惟爾辟，以爾多方，大淫圖天之命，屑有辭。乃惟有夏，圖厥政，不集于享；天降時喪，有邦間之。乃惟爾商後王，逸厥逸，圖厥政，不蠲烝；天惟降時喪。
'The king speaks to the following effect: I announce and declare to you of the numerous regions, that Heaven had no set purpose to do away with the sovereign of Xia or with the sovereign of Yin. But it was the case that your (last) ruler, being in possession of your numerous regions, abandoned himself to great excess, and reckoned on the favouring decree of Heaven, making trifling excuses for his conduct. And so in the case of the (last) sovereign of Xia; his plans of government were not of a tendency to secure his enjoyment (of the kingdom), and Heaven sent down ruin on him, and the chief of the territory (of Shang) put an end (to the line of Xia). In truth, the last sovereign of your Shang was luxurious to the extreme of luxury, while his plans of government showed neither purity nor progress, and thus Heaven sent down such ruin on him.
惟聖罔念作狂，惟狂克念作聖。天惟五年須暇之子孫，誕作民主；罔可念聽。天惟求爾多方，大動以威，開厥顧天。惟爾多士，罔堪顧之。惟我周王，靈承于旅，克堪用德，惟典神天。天惟式教我用休，簡畀殷命，尹爾多方。
'"The wise, through not thinking, become foolish, and the foolish, by thinking, become wise. Heaven for five years waited kindly, and forbore with the descendant (of Tang), to see if he would indeed prove himself the ruler of the people; but there was nothing in him deserving to be regarded. Heaven then sought among your numerous regions, making a great impression by its terrors to stir up some one who would look (reverently) to it, but in all your regions there was not one deserving of its favouring regard. But there were the kings of our Zhou, who treated well the multitudes of the people, and were able to sustain the burden of virtuous (government). They could preside over (all services to) spirits and to Heaven. Heaven thereupon instructed us, and increased our excellence, made choice of us, and gave us the decree of Yin, to rule over your numerous regions."'
「今我曷敢多誥？我惟大降爾四國民命，爾曷不忱裕之于爾多方？爾曷不夾介乂我周王，享天之命？今爾尚宅爾宅，畋爾田，爾曷不惠王熙天之命？爾乃迪屢不靜，爾心未愛；爾乃不大宅天命，爾乃屑播天命；爾乃自作不典，圖忱于正。我惟時其教告之，我惟時其戰耍囚之，至于再，至于三。乃有不用我降爾命，我乃其大罰殛之。非我有周秉德不康寧，乃惟爾自速辜。』
'"Why do I now presume to make (these) many declarations? I have dealt very leniently as regards the lives of you, the people of these four states. Why do you not show a sincere and generous obedience in your numerous regions? Why do you not aid and co-operate with the kings of our Zhou, to secure the enjoyment of Heaven's favouring decree? You now still dwell in your dwellings, and cultivate your fields; why do you not obey our kings, and consolidate the decree of Heaven? The paths which you tread are continually those of disquietude; have you in your hearts no love for yourselves? do you refuse so greatly to acquiesce in the ordinance of Heaven? do you triflingly reject that decree? do you of yourselves pursue unlawful courses, scheming (by your alleged reasons) for the approval of upright men? I simply instructed you, and published my announcement 1; with trembling awe I secured and confined (the chief criminals) - I have done so twice and for three times. But if you do not, take advantage of the leniency with which I have spared your lives, I will proceed to severe punishments, and put you to death. It is not that we, the sovereigns of Zhou, hold it virtuous to make you untranquil, but it is you yourselves who accelerate your crimes (and sufferings)."'
「王曰：『嗚呼！猷，告爾有方多士，暨殷多士：今爾奔走臣我監五祀，越惟有胥伯小大多正，爾罔不克臬。自作不和，爾惟和哉！爾室不睦，爾惟和哉！爾邑克明，爾惟克勤乃事。爾尚不忌于兇德，亦則以穆穆在乃位，克閱于乃邑，謀介爾乃自時洛邑，尚永力畋爾田；天惟畀矜爾。我有周惟其大介賚爾，迪簡在王庭，尚爾事，有服在大僚。』
'The king says, "Oh! ho! I tell you, ye many officers of the. various regions, and you, ye many officers of Yin, now have ye been hurrying about, doing service to my overseers for five years. There are among you the inferior assistants, the chiefs, and the numerous directors, small and great - see that ye all attain to the discharge of your duties. Want of harmony (in the life) rises from (the want of it in) one's (inner) self - strive to be harmonious. Want of concord in your families (arises from the want of it in your conduct) - strive to be harmonious. When intelligence rules in your cities, then will you be proved to be attentive to your duties. Do not be afraid, I pray you, of the evil ways, (of the people); and moreover, by occupying your offices with a reverent harmony, yon will find it possible to select from your cities individuals on whose assistance you can calculate. You may thus long continue in this city of Luo, cultivating your fields. Heaven will favour and compassionate you, and we, the sovereigns of Zhou, will greatly help you, and confer rewards, selecting you to stand in-our royal court. Only be attentive to your duties, and you may rank among our great officers."
「王曰：『嗚呼！多士！爾不克勸忱我命，爾亦則惟不克享，凡民惟曰不享。爾乃惟逸惟頗，大遠王命；則惟爾多方探天之威，我則致天之罰，離逖爾土。』
'The king says, "Oh! ye numerous officers, if you cannot exhort one another to pay a sincere regard to my charges, it will further show that you are unable to honour your sovereign; and all the people will (also) say, 'We will not honour him.' Thus will ye be proved slothful and perverse, greatly disobedient to the royal charges. Throughout your, numerous regions you will bring on yourselves the terrors of Heaven, and I will then inflict on you its punishments, removing you far from your country."'
王曰：『我不惟多誥，我惟只告爾命。』又曰：『時惟爾初；不克敬于和，則無我怨。』」
'The king says, "I do not (wish to) make these many declarations, but it is in a spirit of awe that I lay my commands before you." He further says, "You may now make a (new) beginning. If you cannot reverently realize the harmony (which I enjoin), do not (hereafter) murmur against me."'
本作品在全世界都属于公有领域，因为作者逝世已经超过100年，并且于1923年1月1日之前出版。
English translation: James Legge
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