The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons 文心雕龍
夸飾第三十七 Volume 37: Hyperbole
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夫形而上者謂之道,形而下者謂之器。神道難摹,精言不能追其極;形器易寫,壯辭可得喻其真;才非短長,理自難易耳。故自天地以降,豫入聲貌,文辭所被,夸飾恒存。雖詩書雅言,風格訓世,事必宜廣,文亦過焉。是以言峻則嵩高極天,論狹則河不容舠,說多則子孫千億,稱少則民靡孑遺,襄陵舉滔天之目,倒戈立漂杵之論,辭雖已甚,其義無害也。且夫鴞音之醜,豈有泮林而變好;荼味之苦,寧以周原而成飴;並意深褒讚,故義成矯飾。大聖所錄,以垂憲章。孟軻所云說詩者不以文害辭,不以辭害意也。自宋玉景差,夸飾始盛,相如憑風,詭濫愈甚。故上林之館,奔星與宛虹入軒;從禽之盛,飛廉與鷦鷯俱獲。及揚雄甘泉,酌其餘波,語瑰奇,則假珍於玉樹,言峻極,則顛墜於鬼神。至東都之比目,西京之海若,驗理則理無不驗,窮飾則飾猶未窮矣。又子雲羽獵,鞭宓妃以饟屈原;張衡羽獵,困玄冥於朔野。孌彼洛神,既非罔兩;惟此水師,亦非魑魅;而虛用濫形,不其疏乎!此欲夸其威而飾其事義暌剌也。至如氣貌山海,體勢宮殿,嵯峨揭業,熠燿焜煌之狀,光采煒煒而欲然,聲貌岌岌其將動矣。莫不因夸以成狀,沿飾而得奇也。於是後進之才,獎氣挾聲,軒翥而欲奮飛,騰擲而羞跼步,辭入煒燁,春藻不能程其豔;言在萎絕,寒谷未足成其凋;談歡則字與笑並,論慼則聲共泣偕,信可以發蘊而飛滯,披瞽而駭聾矣。
然飾窮其要,則心聲鋒起,夸過其理,則名實兩乖。若能酌詩書之曠旨,翦揚馬之甚泰,使夸而有節,飾而不誣,亦可謂之懿也。
贊曰:夸飾在用,文豈循檢。言必鵬運,氣靡鴻漸。倒海探珠,傾崑取琰。曠而不溢,奢而無玷。
Chinese text: This work was published before January 1, 1923, and is in the
public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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