The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons 文心雕龍
指瑕第四十一 Volume 41: Highlighting Flaws
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管仲有言:「無翼而飛者聲也,無根而固者情也。」然則聲不假翼,其飛甚易;情不待根,其固匪難:以之垂文,可不慎歟?古來文才,異世爭驅;或逸才以爽迅,或精思以纖密,而慮動難圓,鮮無瑕病。陳思之文,羣才之峻也,而武帝誄云,「尊靈永蟄」,明帝頌云,「聖體浮輕」。浮輕以似於蝴蝶,永蟄頗疑於昆蟲,施之尊極,豈其當乎?左思七諷,說孝而不從,反道若斯,餘不足觀矣。潘岳為才,善於哀文,然悲內兄,則云感口澤,傷弱子,則云心如疑。禮文在尊極,而施之下流,辭雖足哀,義斯替矣。若夫君子擬人必於其倫,而崔瑗之誄李公,比行於黃虞,向秀之賦稽生,方罪於李斯;與其失也,雖寧僣無濫,然高原之詩,不類甚矣。凡巧言易標,拙辭難隱,斯言之玷,實深白圭,繁例難載,故略舉四條。若夫立文之道,惟字與義。字以訓正,義以理宣,而晉末篇章,依希其旨,始有賞際奇至之言,終無撫叩酬即之語,每單舉一字,指以為情。夫賞訓錫賚,豈關心解,撫訓執握,何預情理;雅頌未聞,漢魏莫用,懸領似如可辯,課文了不成義:斯實情訛之所變,文澆之致弊。而宋來才英,未之或改,舊染成俗,非一朝也。近代辭人,率多猜忌,至乃比語求媸,反音取瑕,雖不屑於古,而有擇於今焉。又製同他文,理宜刪革,若排人美辭,以為己力,寳玉大弓,終非其有。全寫則揭篋,傍採則探囊,然世遠者太輕,時同者為尤矣。
若夫注解為書,所以明正事理;然謬於研求,或率意而斷。西京賦稱中黃育獲之疇,而薛綜謬注謂之閹尹,是不聞執雕虎之人也。又周禮井賦,舊有疋馬;而應劭釋疋,或量首數蹄,斯豈辯物之要哉!原夫古之正名,車兩而馬疋,疋兩稱目,以竝耦為用。葢車貳佐乘,馬儷驂服,服乘不隻,故名號必雙,名號一正,則雖單為疋矣。疋夫疋婦,亦配義矣。夫車馬小義,而歷代莫悟;辭賦近事,而千里致差;况鑽灼經典,能不謬哉!夫辯言而數首蹄,選勇而驅閹尹,失理太甚,故舉以為戒。丹青初炳而後渝,文章歲久而彌光,若能櫽括於一朝,可以無慚於千載也。
贊曰:
羿氏舛射,東野敗駕。雖有儁才,謬則多謝。
斯言一玷,千載弗化。令章靡疚,亦善之亞。
Chinese text: This work was published before January 1, 1923, and is in the
public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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