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Records of the Grand Historian 史記

《項羽本紀》 Annals of Xiang Yu

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項羽本紀》 Annals of Xiang Yu

項籍二十四季父王翦世世

項籍不成不成:「足以記名而已不足萬人敵。」於是兵法大喜不肯司馬故事殺人吳中吳中賢士大夫吳中為主兵法賓客子弟以是秦始皇帝會稽浙江:「可取。」:「妄言!」以此才氣過人吳中子弟

秦二世元年七月九月會稽:「江西為人發兵使。」:「。」:「使受命。」:「。」須臾:「可行!」於是持守印綬大驚擾亂擊殺所知所為大事吳中使收下精兵八千部署吳中豪傑校尉司馬不得:「使公主某事不能以此任用。」於是會稽

廣陵於是廣陵未能敗走渡江楚王:「江東已定引兵西。」八千渡江西東陽使使西東陽稱為長者東陽少年相聚適用不能從者萬人少年便蒼頭特起:「自我家婦未嘗大名不祥不如有所所指。」不敢:「世世有名大事不可。」於是將軍萬人下邳

當是時楚王彭城:「不利所在而立無道。」進兵敗走之至一日西使引兵使項羽襄城襄城堅守不下還報將會此時沛公

七十居家好奇:「陳勝無罪之至陳勝不立自立江東世世之後。」於是楚懷王為人牧羊以為楚懷王自號

數月引兵司馬東阿秦軍東阿引兵不敢齊王東阿秦軍使使西:「發兵。」:「不忍。」不肯發兵使沛公項羽攻城西秦軍濮陽收入濮陽沛公項羽定陶定陶西秦軍

東阿西,()[定陶秦軍項羽驕色:「戰勝日益。」使使使者高陵:「?」:「。」:「徐行疾行。」起兵定陶沛公項羽陳留陳留堅守不能沛公項羽相與謀:「士卒。」引兵彭城項羽彭城西沛公

以為不足渡河此時走入鉅鹿鉅鹿甬道數萬鉅鹿所謂河北

定陶彭城項羽司徒其父令尹沛公武安

使者高陵楚王:「先見可謂。」以為上將軍項羽冠軍安陽四十六項羽:「秦軍鉅鹿引兵渡河其外其內秦軍。」:「不然不可以戰勝不勝引兵西不如堅執不如不如。」下令:「不可使者。」之至飲酒天寒大雨士卒項羽:「久留不行今歲饑民士卒飲酒引兵渡河并力』。新造勢必坐不安席境內專屬將軍國家安危在此一舉不恤士卒社稷。」項羽晨朝上將軍:「謀反楚王。」當是時:「將軍將軍。」相與上將軍使義子使王因使項羽上將軍當陽將軍項羽

項羽冠軍楚國名聞諸侯當陽將軍渡河鉅鹿項羽引兵渡河廬舍士卒於是秦軍甬道當是時諸侯諸侯鉅鹿戰士無不呼聲諸侯無不人人於是秦軍項羽召見諸侯無不仰視項羽由是諸侯上將軍諸侯

項羽相持秦軍二世使使長史咸陽司馬趙高不見不信長史不敢故道趙高使不及:「趙高用事無可不能不免將軍。」:「白起南征攻城略地不可賜死蒙恬榆中千里何者不能將軍十萬諸侯趙高二世將軍塞責使更代將軍將軍皆知將軍不能直諫亡國孤特獨立豈不哀哉將軍何不諸侯南面稱孤妻子?」狐疑使使項羽未成項羽使將軍日夜引兵項羽引兵秦軍汙水

使項羽項羽:「。」:「。」項羽項羽流涕趙高項羽使長史上將軍秦軍前行

新安諸侯異時使屯戍無狀秦軍諸侯諸侯乘勝使折辱:「將軍諸侯入關不能諸侯父母妻子。」諸侯項羽項羽將軍:「不服關中不如擊殺長史都尉。」於是二十萬人新安

函谷關不得沛公咸陽項羽大怒使當陽項羽至于西沛公項羽相見沛公司馬使項羽:「沛公關中使子嬰珍寶。」項羽大怒:「士卒擊破沛公!」當是時項羽四十新豐沛公十萬項羽:「沛公山東財貨入關財物婦女所幸不在令人龍虎天子急擊。」
Annals of Xiang Yu:
[Xiang Yu's troops] came to Hangu Pass in former Qin territory. The pass was guarded by (Liu Bang's) soldiers so [Xiang Yu] could not get through. Apart from this, it was said that Pei Gong (namely Liu Bang) had already occupied Xian Yang city. Xiang Yu hence got fiercely angry, so he ordered Lord Dang Yang to attack the pass. Then he got through the pass and marched to Xixi. Pei Gong's troops were stationed in Bashang; he did not have the chance to meet Xiang Yu. A military officer of Pei Gong, Cao Wushang, secretly sent a messenger to Xiang Yu, saying: "Pei Gong intends to be king of Guanzhong, with Zi Ying as prime minister, and possess all the treasures of Qin." Xiang Yu broke out in a rage, and said: "Prepare my soldiers tomorrow morning. I will destroy Pei Gong's army!" At that time, Xiang Yu had 400,000 men stationed in Hongmen, Pei Gong had 100,000 men in Bashang. Fan Zeng said to Xiang Yu: "When Pei Gong was in Shandong, he was very greedy for treasures and beauties. But today in Guanzhong, treasures are untouched, women are intact. This reveals his tremendous ambition. I had his Qi observed, and it is like dragon and tiger, in five colors - this is the Qi of the Son of Heaven. Strike him at once and do not miss!"

項羽季父沛公沛公:「。」:「沛公沛公不義不可不語。」沛公沛公大驚:「柰何?」:「大王為此?」:「諸侯』。。」:「大王士卒足以?」沛公默然:「不如柰何?」:「沛公不敢。」沛公:「?」:「殺人。」沛公少長?」:「長於。」沛公。」沛公沛公婚姻:「入關不敢有所府庫將軍所以出入非常日夜將軍豈敢不敢。」許諾沛公:「不可自來。」沛公:「。」於是沛公:「沛公破關豈敢今人大功不義不如。」許諾
Annals of Xiang Yu:
Chu's Chief Minister of the Left Xiang Bo, Xiang Yu's uncle, was a friend of Zhang Liang, Marquis of Liu. Zhang Liang worked for Pei Gong at the time. Xiang Bo hence rode to Pei Gong's camp under the cover of the night, met Zhang Liang privately, told him about the assault and asked him to escape, saying: "You will die if you stay." Liang said: "I was appointed as Pei Gong's servant by the king of Han. Now that Pei Gong is in danger, it is not justifiable for me to escape. I have to warn him."
So Liang came to Pei Gong and told him everything. Pei Gong was surprised and scared, he said: "What should I do?" Liang asked: "Who gave you the idea?" Pei Gong said: "Someone told me to guard the pass and keep off other lords in order to be king of the Qin territory. I took that advice." Liang asked: "Can your troops rival King Xiang?" Pei Gong remained silent for a while, and then said: "Of course we cannot, what should I do?" Liang said: "Please go and tell Xiang Bo that you dare not betray King Xiang." Pei Gong asked: "How do you know Xiang Bo?" Liang answered: "We were old friends in the Qin times, he was guilty to murder and I saved his life. So today he came to save mine in emergency." Pei Gong asked: "Who of you is elder?" Liang said: "He is elder than me." Pei Gong said: "Call him in for me. I will treat him as elder brother."
Zhang Liang went out and invited Xiang Bo. So Xiang Bo came in to see Pei Gong. Pei Gong honored him with a toast and promised him a marriage, saying: "After I came to Guanzhong, I dare not touch anything. I recorded officers and citizens [of the city], sealed the treasury, waiting for the general (Xiang Yu). I guarded the pass only to restrain bandits and for security. I have been expecting the general day and night, how could I betray him? Please tell the general that I dare not do such unvirtuous things!" Xiang Bo promised, he said to Pei Gong: "Tomorrow you have to apologize to King Xiang early." Pei Gong said: "Yes." So Xiang Bo rode back to the camp (of King Xiang) in the night, and told King Xiang what Pei Gong had said. Xiang Bo said: "If it were not for Pei Gong, how could you so easily come to Guanzhong? It is not a noble thing to kill a man of merit. We had better treat him well." King Xiang agreed.

沛公百餘:「將軍將軍河北河南入關將軍小人將軍。」:「沛公司馬不然何以至此。」即日沛公亞父亞父沛公西數目默然:「君王為人不忍劍舞沛公。」:「君王沛公以為劍舞。」:「。」起舞起舞沛公不得於是軍門:「今日何如?」:「劍舞常在沛公。」:「同命。」軍門衛士衛士西瞋目按劍:「何為?」:「沛公。」:「壯士。」拜謝:「。」一生:「壯士?」:「殺人不能刑人不勝天下咸陽』。沛公咸陽不敢有所封閉宮室還軍大王出入非常勞苦如此未有細說大王。」未有:「。」從良須臾沛公如廁
Annals of Xiang Yu:
The second day, accompanied by one hundred cavalrymen, Pei Gong came to meet King Xiang in Hongmen. Pei Gong apologized: "The general and I fought side by side against Qin. The general fought on the northern side of the (Yellow) river, and I fought on the south. I did not expect that I could be the first to break into Guanzhong and defeat Qin, and finally meet the general here. There must be a petty man trying to casts a bone between the general and me." King Xiang said: "This is all because of your officer Cao Wushang, otherwise I would not have done this."
King Xiang invited Pei Gong to a feast on that day. King Xiang and Xiang Bo sat facing the east. Yafu sat facing the south. Yafu was namely Fan Zeng. Pei Gong sat facing the north. Zhang Liang sat beside (Pei Gong) facing the west. Fan Zeng glanced several times at King Xiang, holding the jade on his girdle to hint (that it was time to take action). King Xiang remained silence and did not react. Fan Zeng stood up, came out and found Xiang Zhuang, said to him: "The Lord has not the heart (to kill). You should go in and toast, then ask to dance with a sword, and kill Pei Gong on his seat. Otherwise we all will be his prisoner one day."
So Zhuang went in and toasted, then he said: "The Lord drinks with Pei Gong, but there is no entertainment in the army, please allow me to dance with my sword." King Xiang said: "Approved." Xiang Zhuang drew his sword and danced. Xiang Bo also drew his sword and danced along, protecting Pei Gong obscurely with his body. Zhuang had no chance.
At this moment, Zhang Liang went out to the gate and found Fan Kuai. Fan Kuai asked: "How is the situation?" Liang said: "Very dangerous! Xiang Zhuang is dancing with sword, intending to kill Pei Gong!" Kuai said: "This is urgent! Let me in, I will save him with my life." Kuai broke through the gate with shield and sword. The guards tried to stop him. He crashed the guards to the ground with his shield. Then he rushed in (to the hall), stood facing the west with the mantle on his shoulders, his eyes opening so wide that the brow ridge was about to break up. King Xiang touched his sword and asked: "Who is this?" Zhang Liang said: "This is Pei Gong's stableman, Fan Kuai." King Xiang said: "A hero! Bestow wine on him!" Kuai was hence given wine. He (gave thanks) on his knees, then stood up and drank it all. King Xiang said: "Bestow pork on him!" He was then given raw pork. Kuai laid his shield on the ground, put the pork on it, cut the pork with his sword and ate. King Xiang asked: "Hero! Can you drink again?" Fan Kuai answered: "Even death will not scare me, how would wine! The emperor of Qin was as cruel as tiger and wolf, killing and torturing the people without an end. So the people revolted against him. King Huai (of Chu) made the agreement with all lords that the first who broke into Guanzhong should be king. Since Pei Gong defeated Qin and took over the city of Xian Yang, he kept nothing for himself. He sealed the palace, and waited for the King's arrival. He ordered his men to guard the pass only to prevent bandits and emergencies. You did not award such a man of merit, but instead trusted lies and tricks, intending to kill him. This is the same behavior as the dead Qin. I suggest your highness not do this." The King did not answer him, instead he only said: "Sit." Fan Kuai then took the seat beside Liang. After a while, Pei Gong got up and went out to the washroom, and asked Kuai to come with him.

沛公使都尉陳平沛公沛公:「柰何?」:「大行不顧不辭如今刀俎。」於是問曰:「大王?」:「白璧玉斗亞父不敢:「。」當是時沛公相去四十沛公車騎脫身酈山沛公:「從此不過二十。」沛公已去:「沛公不勝不能使臣白璧再拜大王足下玉斗再拜大將軍足下。」:「沛公安在?」:「大王有意督過脫身。」亞父玉斗:「豎子不足與謀天下沛公。」沛公誅殺
Annals of Xiang Yu:
As Pei Gong has come out, King Xiang ordered Lieutenant Chen Ping to call him back in. Pei Gong said (to Fan Kuai): "I came out without saying goodbye, what should I do now?" Fan Kuai said: "The most powerful never mind small matters; the most polite never care about small etiquette. Now they are knife and chopping block, we are fish in between, why need we say goodbye?" So [Pei Gong decided to] leave. He ordered Zhang Liang to stay and apologize for him. Liang asked: "Have you brought anything here?" [Pei Gong] said: "I have a pair of white jade for the Lord, and a pair of jade pecks for Yafu. They were angry so I dare not give them. Please deliver the gifts for me." Liang said: "Yes."
At that time, the camp of King Xiang was in Hongmen, and the camp of Pei Gong was in Bashang, 40 li from each other. Pei Gong discarded his chariot and rode alone, followed by Fan Kuai, Xiahou Ying, Qi Jiang and Ji Xin with swords and shields in their hands. They took a shortcut at the foot of the Mountain Li through Zhiyang. Pei Gong told Liang [before they left]: "It is only 20 li to our camp through this path. You go back in when you estimate that we have arrived." Pei Gong reached his camp after a while. Zhang Liang went back in (to the hall) and apologized: "Pei Gong has drunk too much, he cannot say his farewells. He ordered me to give this pair of white jade to the Lord, and this pair of jade pecks to the high general." King Xiang asked: "Where is Pei Gong?" Liang said: "He heard that the Lord intended to blame him for his fault, so he left and should have arrived in his camp." King Xiang accepted the jade and put it on the table. Yafu took the jade pecks, put them on the ground and broke them with his sword, saying (to Xiang Yu): "Ah! You idiot, I cannot help you! It shall be Pei Gong who will defeat you. We all will be imprisoned by him!" Upon arriving in his camp, Pei Gong executed Cao Wushang.

項羽引兵西咸陽王子宮室三月不滅婦女:「關中山河肥饒。」殘破心懷東歸:「富貴不歸故鄉夜行誰知!」:「沐猴而冠果然。」

使致命:「。」義帝先王將相:「天下發難諸侯堅執暴露定天下將相諸君義帝當分。」:「。」天下沛公天下業已講解諸侯陰謀:「蜀道。」:「關中。」沛公漢王漢中南鄭三分關中降將漢王咸陽以西長史都尉司馬咸陽以東西魏河東平陽河南),河南雒陽成因故都司馬河內河內朝歌代王入關常山當陽冠軍九江吳芮百越諸侯入關衡山義帝國共臨江江陵遼東入關齊王入關齊王齊王項羽渡河濟北兵降項羽濟北博陽不肯成安君陳不從入關南皮封三萬戶侯自立西霸王彭城

元年四月諸侯戲下使義帝:「地方千里上游。」使使義帝長沙義帝群臣稍稍背叛衡山臨江擊殺軍功使彭城以為遼東擊殺

項羽齊王而立齊王大怒不肯齊王迎擊齊王追擊即墨自立齊王西濟北將軍使說說齊王:「項羽天下不平群臣以為不可大王起兵不義大王常山。」齊王并力常山反之王因代王

項羽漢王關中大怒使:「漢王失職關中不敢。」:「。」以此西徵兵九江使將將由此項羽城陽會戰不勝平原平原夷齊城郭老弱婦女北海齊人相聚於是得數萬人城陽王因連戰未能

漢王諸侯五十六萬人即令精兵三萬四月彭城美人置酒西漢軍彭城日中漢軍漢軍相隨泗水萬人走山追擊水上漢軍萬人漢王於是大風西北沙石窈冥逢迎漢王家室西使漢王漢王相見漢王孝惠漢王漢王孝惠如是:「不可以柰何?」於是太公呂后相遇太公呂后漢王

呂后漢王稍稍士卒滎陽敗軍蕭何關中老弱滎陽復大彭城乘勝滎陽南京不能滎陽西

彭城漢王滎陽齊王漢王彭城諸侯漢軍滎陽甬道侵奪甬道漢王請和滎陽以西

:「。」滎陽漢王陳平使者太牢使者驚愕:「以為亞父使者使者。」使者使者增大:「天下事君王骸骨卒伍。」彭城

漢王:「可以。」於是漢王女子滎陽東門被甲四面黃屋車左纛:「城中漢王。」萬歲漢王西門:「漢王安在?」:「漢王。」

漢王使御史大夫滎陽:「。」滎陽:「上將軍封三萬戶。」:「若非。」

漢王滎陽九江收兵進兵漢王北門渡河修武韓信稍稍得出漢王西使不得西

渡河東阿將軍漢王淮陰渡河漢王河內使積聚擊破漢王引兵渡河已定東海西相守數月

此時數反糧食太公漢王:「太公。」漢王:「項羽北面受命兄弟』,。」:「天下事未可知天下不顧無益。」

相持未決軍旅老弱漢王:「天下數歲漢王挑戰雌雄天下父子。」漢王:「不能。」壯士挑戰善騎射挑戰射殺大怒被甲挑戰瞋目不敢不敢不敢復出漢王使漢王大驚於是漢王相與漢王漢王射中漢王漢王走入

淮陰河北使淮陰韓信自立齊王使人武淮陰淮陰大司馬:「謹守挑戰而已十五將軍。」乃東陳留

不下男子十五舍人十三:「故且大王大王百姓歸心從此以東。」東至睢陽

不出使大司馬士卒楚國大司馬長史水上大司馬長史獄吏是以信任當是時睢陽引兵漢軍鐘離滎陽漢軍走險

陸賈太公漢王使中分天下鴻溝以西鴻溝漢王父母妻子萬歲漢王國君:「天下辯士所居國君。」引兵東歸

西陳平:「天下太半諸侯不如所謂。」漢王漢王淮陰韓信建成期會不會漢軍漢王自守子房:「諸侯不從柰何?」對曰:「未有分地君王天下不能未可知君王自陳以東韓信睢陽以北使各自。」漢王:「。」於是使者韓信:「并力自陳以東齊王睢陽以北相國。」使者韓信:「進兵。」韓信壽春并行屠城垓下大司馬九江垓下

垓下漢軍諸侯漢軍四面大驚:「!」美人駿馬於是悲歌詩曰:「蓋世不利柰何!」美人左右仰視

於是上馬麾下壯士從者八百平明漢軍五千百餘迷失紿」。引兵東城二十八不得:「起兵至今七十未嘗敗北天下今日諸君諸君諸君。」以為漢軍:「。」四面山東於是漢軍披靡瞋目人馬與其漢軍不知所在都尉:「何如?」:「大王。」

於是烏江烏江亭長:「江東地方千里眾數十萬大王漢軍。」:「江東子弟八千渡江西江東父兄面目不愧?」亭長:「長者無敵一日千里不忍。」下馬步行短兵接戰漢軍數百司馬:「若非故人?」:「。」:「千金萬戶。」自刎其後郎中司馬郎中其一皆是中水封王

不下天下禮義為主死節父兄楚懷王項籍及其最後漢王

漢王射陽玄武賜姓

太史公瞳子」,項羽瞳子苗裔豪傑蜂起相與不可勝數尺寸之中諸侯分裂天下封王霸王」,近古以來未嘗關懷放逐義帝自立王侯自矜師古霸王力征經營天下東城不覺自責用兵」,豈不

Source: Chinese Text Project http://ctext.org/shiji Partial translation adapted from Herbert J. Allen's "Ssŭma Ch'ien's Historical Records" (Royal Asiatic Society, 1894).

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