The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons 文心雕龍
物色第四十六 Volume 46: Manifestation of Form
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春秋代序,陰陽慘舒,物色之動,心亦搖焉。葢陽氣萌而玄駒步,陰律凝而丹鳥羞,微蟲猶或入感,四時之動物深矣。若夫珪璋挺其惠心,英華秀其清氣,物色相召,人誰獲安?是以獻歲發春,悅豫之情暢;滔滔孟夏,鬱陶之心凝;天高氣清,陰沈之志遠;霰雪無垠,矜肅之慮深。歲有其物,物有其容;情以物遷,辭以情發。一葉且或迎意,蟲聲有足引心。况清風與明月同夜,白日與春林共朝哉!是以詩人感物,聯類不窮。流連萬象之際,沈吟視聽之區;寫氣圖貌,既隨物以宛轉;屬采附聲,亦與心而徘徊。故灼灼狀桃花之鮮,依依盡楊柳之貌,杲杲為出日之容,漉漉擬雨雪之狀,喈喈逐黃鳥之聲,喓喓學草蟲之韻;皎日嘒星,一言窮理,參差沃若,兩字連形:竝以少總多,情貌無遺矣。雖復思經千載,將何易奪。及離騷代興,觸類而長,物貌難盡,故重沓舒狀,於是嵯峨之類聚,葳蕤之羣積矣。及長卿之徒,詭勢瓌聲,模山範水,字必魚貫,所謂詩人麗則而約言,辭人麗淫而繁句也。
至如雅詠棠華,或黃或白;騷述秋蘭,綠葉紫莖;凡摛表五色,貴在時見,若青黃屢出,則繁而不珍。
自近代以來,文貴形似,窺情風景之上,鑽貌草木之中。吟詠所發,志惟深遠;體物為妙,功在密附。故巧言切狀,如印之印泥,不加雕削,而曲寫毫芥;故能瞻言而見貌,印字而知時也。然物有恒姿,而思無定檢,或率爾造極,或精思愈疎。且詩騷所摽,並據要害,故後進銳筆,怯於爭鋒。莫不因方以借巧,即勢以會奇,善於適要,則雖舊彌新矣。是以四序紛廻,而入興貴閑;物色雖繁,而折辭尚簡;使味飄飄而輕舉,情曄曄而更新。古來辭人,異代接武,莫不參伍以相變,因革以為功,物色盡而情有餘者,曉會通也。若乃山林臯壤,實文思之奧府,略語則闕,詳說則繁。然屈平所以能洞監風騷之情者,抑亦江山之助乎!
贊曰:
山沓水匝,樹雜雲合。目既往還,心亦吐納。
春日遲遲,秋風颯颯。情往似贈,興來如荅。
Chinese text: This work was published before January 1, 1923, and is in the
public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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