Guanzi 管子
地圖第二十七 Chapter 27: Maps
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凡兵主者必先審知地圖轘轅之險。濫車之水名山通谷經川陵陸丘阜之所在，苴草林木蒲葦之所茂道里之遠近，城郭之大小，名邑廢邑困殖之地必盡知之。地形之出入相錯者盡藏之然後可以行軍襲邑，舉錯知先後，不失地利，此地圖之常也。人之眾寡，士之精麤，器之功苦盡知之，此乃知形者也，知形不如知能，知能不如知意，故主兵必參具者也，主明、相知、將能之謂參具，故將出令發士，期有日數矣，宿定所征伐之國，使群臣大吏父兄便辟左右不能議成敗，人主之任也。論功勞，行賞罰，不敢蔽賢有私行，用貨財供給軍之求索，使百吏肅敬，不敢解怠行邪，以待君之令，相室之任也。繕器械，選練士，為教服，連什伍，遍知天下，審御機數，此兵主之事也。Chinese text: This work was published before January 1, 1923, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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