The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons 文心雕龍
諧隱第十五 Volume 15: Humour and Riddles
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芮良夫之詩云︰"自有肺腸,俾民卒狂。"夫心險如山,口壅若川,怨怒之情不一,歡謔之言無方。昔華元棄甲,城者發睅目之謳;臧紇喪師,國人造侏儒之歌;并嗤戲形貌,內怨為俳也。又蠶蟹鄙諺,狸首淫哇,苟可箴戒,載于禮典,故知諧辭讔言,亦無棄矣。諧之言皆也,辭淺會俗,皆悅笑也。昔齊威酣樂,而淳于說甘酒;楚襄宴集,而宋玉賦好色。意在微諷,有足觀者。及優旃之諷漆城,優孟之諫葬馬,并譎辭飾說,抑止昏暴。是以子長編史,列傳滑稽,以其辭雖傾回,意歸義正也。但本體不雅,其流易弊。于是東方、枚皋,餔糟啜醨,無所匡正,而詆嫚媟弄,故其自稱"為賦,乃亦俳也,見視如倡",亦有悔矣。至魏人因俳說以著笑書,薛綜憑宴會而發嘲調,雖抃笑衽席,而無益時用矣。然而懿文之士,未免枉轡;潘岳丑婦之屬,束皙賣餅之類,尤而效之,蓋以百數。魏晉滑稽,盛相驅扇,遂乃應瑒之鼻,方于盜削卵;張華之形,比乎握舂杵。曾是莠言,有虧德音,豈非溺者之妄笑,胥靡之狂歌歟?
讔者,隱也。遁辭以隱意,譎譬以指事也。昔還社求拯于楚師,喻眢井而稱麥麴;叔儀乞糧于魯人,歌珮玉而呼庚癸;伍舉刺荊王以大鳥,齊客譏薛公以海魚;莊姬托辭于龍尾,臧文謬書于羊裘。隱語之用,被于紀傳。大者興治濟身,其次弼違曉惑。蓋意生于權譎,而事出于機急,與夫諧辭,可相表里者也。漢世《隱書》,十有八篇,歆、固編文,錄之賦末。
昔楚莊、齊威,性好隱語。至東方曼倩,尤巧辭述。但謬辭詆戲,無益規補。自魏代以來,頗非俳優,而君子嘲隱,化為謎語。謎也者,回互其辭,使昏迷也。或體目文字,或圖象品物,纖巧以弄思,淺察以衒辭,義欲婉而正,辭欲隱而顯。荀卿《蠶賦》,已兆其體。至魏文、陳思,約而密之。高貴鄉公,博舉品物,雖有小巧,用乖遠大。觀夫古之為隱,理周要務,豈為童稚之戲謔,搏髀而忭笑哉!然文辭之有諧讔,譬九流之有小說,蓋稗官所采,以廣視聽。若效而不已,則髡朔之入室,旃孟之石交乎?
贊曰︰古之嘲隱,振危釋憊。雖有絲麻,無棄菅蒯。會義適時,頗益諷誡。空戲滑稽,德音大壞。
Chinese text: This work was published before January 1, 1923, and is in the
public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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