The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons 文心雕龍
聲律第三十三 Volume 33: Prosody
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夫音律所始,本於人聲者也。聲合宮商,肇自血氣,先王因之以制樂歌。故知器寫人聲,聲非學器者也。故言語者,文章神明樞機,吐納律呂,脣吻而已。古之教歌,先揆以法,使疾呼中宮,徐呼中徵。夫商徵響高,宮羽聲下;抗喉矯舌之差,攢脣激齒之異,廉肉相準,皎然可分。今操琴不調,必知改張,摛文乖張,而不識所調。響在彼絃,乃得克諧,聲萌我心,更失和律,其故何哉?良由內聽難為聰也。故外聽之易,絃以手定,內聽之難,聲與心紛,可以數求,難以辭逐。凡聲有飛沉,響有雙疊,雙聲隔字而每舛,疊韻雜句而必睽;沉則響發而斷,飛則聲颺不還,竝轆轤交往,逆鱗相比迂其際會,則往蹇來連其為疾病,亦文家之吃也。夫吃文為患,生於好詭,逐新趣異,故喉脣糺紛;將欲解結,務在剛斷。左礙而尋右,末滯而討前,則聲轉於吻,玲玲如振玉;辭靡於耳,纍纍親貫珠矣。是以聲畵妍媸,寄在吟詠,滋味流於字句。氣力窮於和韻。異音相從謂之和,同聲相應謂之韻。韻氣一定,故餘聲易遣;和體抑揚,故遺響難契。屬筆易巧,選和至難,綴文難精,而作韻甚易,雖纎意曲變,非可縷言,然振其大綱,不出滋論。
若夫宮商大和,譬諸吹籥;翻廻取均,頗似調瑟。瑟資移柱,故有時而乖貳;籥含定管,故無往而不壹。陳思潘岳,吹籥之調也;陸機左思,瑟柱之和也。槩舉而推,可以類見。
又詩人綜韻,率多清切,楚辭辭楚,故訛韻寔繁。及張華論韻,謂士衡多楚,文賦亦稱知楚不易,可謂䘖靈均之聲餘,失黃鍾之正響也。凡切韻之動,勢若轉圜,訛音之作,甚於枘方,免乎枘方,則無大過矣,練才洞鑒,剖字鑽響,識踈濶略,隨音所遇,若長風之過籟,南郭之吹竽耳。古之佩玉,左宮右徵,以節其步,聲不失序。音以律文,其可忘哉!
贊曰:標情務遠,比音則近。吹律胷臆,調鐘脣吻。聲得鹽梅,響滑榆槿。割棄支離,宮商難隱。
Chinese text: This work was published before January 1, 1923, and is in the
public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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