者 zhě zhuó

1. zhě particle used after a verb to indicate a person who does the action
   Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
   Notes: When placed after a single verb, the phrase indicates the person who performs the action (GHC '者' 1; Kroll 2015 '者' 1a, p. 597)
2. zhě pronoun that
   Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
   Notes: Used after a numeral 一、二、三 etc to refer to a preceding object (GHC '者' 1; Guoyu '者' pronoun; Mathews 1931 '者', p. 31; Unihan '者'; XHZD '者' 3, p. 964)
3. zhě particle nominalizing function word
   Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
   Notes: In Literary Chinese 者 nominalizes a verb phrase, in the pattern 'VP 者', which means the thing or person that does verb phrase VP. 者 may also stand for the nominalization of the verb phrase as a whole, ie 'the doing of VP.' The difference between the two is distinguised by the context (Kroll 2015 '者' 1, p. 597; GHC '者' 1; Pulleyblank 1995, pp. 66-67; XHZD '者' 1, p. 964). For example, 孝弟也者，其為仁之本與 'Filial piety and fraternal submission! - are they not the root of all benevolent actions' (Lunyu 1:2)?
4. zhě particle used to mark a definition
   Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
   Notes: In Literary Chinese, 者 may be used to mark a definition or as as generalization after a noun or noun phrase, or with numbered lists (GHC '者' 1; Kroll 2015 '者' 3, p. 597; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 74; XHZD '者' 4, p. 964)
5. zhě particle used to mark a pause
   Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
   Notes: (Guoyu '者' particle 1; XHZD '者' 2, p. 964)
6. zhě particle topic marker / that / it
   Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
   Notes: In Literary Chinese, 者 may be used after a noun or noun phrase to mark the topic of the sentence (GHC '者' 2; Guoyu '者' particle 2; Kroll 2015 '者' 2, p. 597)
7. zhuó adverb according to
   Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
   Notes: Interchangable with 着, in the sense of局 处于 (GHC '者' 3).

Contained in

• 者者 to agree
• 者者谦谦(者者謙謙) to humbly promise and not dare to disobey
• 能者 a person with ability
• 茲启者(茲啟者) to begin with
• 当事者(當事者) person involved
• 记者(記者) a reporter / a journalist
• 或者 or ; perhaps ; someone
• 提供者 provider / supplier
• 出版者 publisher
• 经营者(經營者) manager / operator
• 所有者 proprietor / owner
• 投机者(投機者) speculator
• 消费者(消費者) consumer ; biological consumer
• 笔者(筆者) author / writer
• 竞争者(競爭者) competitor
• 决策者(決策者) policy maker
• 旅游者(旅遊者) tourist
• 学者(學者) scholar
• 志愿者(志願者) volunteer
• 两者(兩者) both sides
• 读者(讀者) a reader
• 作者 author / writer / composer
• 闯入者(闖入者) intruder / hacker
• 编者按(編者按) editor's note
• 患者 someone who is ill
• 编者(編者) editor / compiler
• 目击者(目擊者) eyewitness
• 信仰者 a believer
• 无神论者(無神論者) an atheist
• 长者(長者) the elderly ; an elder ; a dignitary / a distinguished person / a senior
• 工作者 a worker
• 发起者(發起者) a master / an initiator
• 二者 the two / both ; second / secondly / the second is
• 使者 an emissary / an envoy
• 译者(譯者) a translator
• 尊者 senior monk / honored sir
• 苦行者 an ascetic
• 圣者(聖者) a holy one / a saint / worthy one
• 病者 a patient / a sick person
• 行者 practitioner ; a pedestrian / a walker ; abbot's attendant
• 殖民者 colonialists
• 人文主义者(人文主義者) humanist
• 统治者(統治者) a ruler
• 制图者(製圖者) cartographer
• 朝圣者(朝聖者) a pilgram
• 佼佼者 a well-known figure
• 朝拜者 a pilgrim

Also contained in

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