经 (經) jīng
-
jīng
verb to go through / to experience
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
Notes: 经 jīng is synonymous in this sense with 经过 jīngguò. For example, 经研究发现 'after research, discovered ...' (Gu Sou Henan, 2015-10-15) This example can be generalized to the pattern 经 (process) (state S) 'go through process P to arrive at state S.' In the example, the process is 研究 'research' and the state was that something was 发现 'discovered.' The subject is implied. The valency is three. 经 jīng also chains verbs together. Notice in the example that both arguments, 研究 'research' and 发现 'discover' are verbs. 经 jīng is the 97th most frequent word in the Beijing Language Institute's 1985 frequency wordlist (Ho 2002, '经'). 经 jīng is also used in this sense in classical Chinese (GHDC 2007 '经' 9; Guoyu '經' v 4). For example, 熊經鳥申 'passing their time like the (dormant) bear, and stretching and twisting (the neck) like a bird' (Zhuangzi, Ingrained Ideas 《莊子‧刻意》; Legge 1891) -
jīng
noun
a sutra / a sūtra
Domain: Buddhism 佛教
Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: sūtra; The word 'sutra' is an English borrow word from Sanskrit. OED: 'In Sanskrit literature, a short mnemonic rule in grammar, law, or philosophy, requiring expansion by means of a commentary.' (OED Online, “Sutra, n.,” 2015) Monier Williams: “a short sentence or aphoristic rule, and any work or manual consisting of strings of such rules hanging together like threads (these sūtra works form manuals of teaching in ritual, philosophy, grammar … ) … with Buddhists, pāśupatas &c the term sūtra is applied to original text books as opp. to explanatory works” (Monier Williams, “sUtra”, 2008) Prototypical examples of Buddhist sūtras are the Diamond Sutra 金刚经 and the Lotus Sūtra 莲华经 (Guoyu '經' n 7). -
jīng
noun
warp
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: A set of lengthwise threads held in tension on a loom, as opposed to 纬 'warp' (GHDC 2007 '经' 1; Guoyu '經' n 1). For example, in the Book of Changes 《周易》: 雲,雷,屯;君子以經綸。“(The trigram representing) clouds and (that representing) thunder form Zhun. The superior man, in accordance with this, (adjusts his measures of government) as in sorting the threads of the warp and woof.” (Legge, 1899, Xiang Zhuan - Zhun) -
jīng
noun
longitude
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Geography
Notes: 经 jīng is synonymous with 经度 jīngdù in this sense, as opposed to 纬度 wěidù 'latitude.' North-south lines on the map or on the earth (GHDC 2007 '经' 2; Guoyu '經' n 2). -
jīng
adverb
often / regularly / frequently
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In this sense 经 is has the same meaning as jīngcháng, 正常 zhèngcháng, 寻常 xúncháng (GHDC 2007 '经' 4; Guoyu '經' adv). For example, 若晝夜之有經 'So it is with the regular phenomena of day and night' (Zhuangzi, The Way of Heaven 《莊子‧天道》; Legge 1891) -
jīng
verb
to administer / to engage in business / to run / to operate / to manage
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In this sense 经 is has the same meaning as 经营 jīngyíng or 治理 zhìlǐ (GHDC 2007 '经' 7; Guoyu '經' v 3). -
jīng
noun
a woman's period
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: (Guoyu '經' n 9) -
jīng
verb
to bear / to endure
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In this sense 经 is has the same meaning as 承受 or 忍受 (Guoyu '經' v 5). -
jīng
verb
to hang / to die by hanging
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In this sense 经 is has the same meaning as 上吊 or 缢死 (GHDC 2007 '经' 10; Guoyu '經' v 6). For example, 二女皆經自殺 'The two ladies took their own lives by hanging themselves.' (Records of the Grand Historian, Annals of Zhou 《史記‧周本紀》) -
jīng
noun
classics
Domain: Literature 文学 , Subdomain: China
Notes: One of the four traditional classifications of literary genre: 经 classics, 子 masters, 史 histories, and 集 collections (Guoyu '經' n 6; Li 2017, p. 163) -
jīng
verb
to be frugal / to save
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Economics
Notes: In this sense 经 is has the same meaning as 节约. -
jīng
noun
a classic / a scripture / canon
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In this sense 经 is the same as 经书 or 经典 (GHDC 2007 '经' 5). Prototypical examples are 诗经 The Book of Songs and 孝經 Xiaojing (Classic of Filial Piety). Giles: ‘The “Canon” of Confucianism. The sūtras of Buddhism and Taoism.’ (Giles 1892 '經') For example, 於是繙十二經以說 'On this he proceeded to give an abstract of the Twelve Classics to bring the other over to his views.' (Zhuangzi, The Way of Heaven 《莊子‧天道》; Legge 1891) Also, 俱誦《墨經》 'all repeated the texts of Mo' (Zhuangzi, Tian Xia 《莊子‧天下》; Legge 1891) Multi-character words related to this sense include 经训, 经术, 经传, and 经典. -
jīng
noun
a standard / a norm
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: In this sense 经 is has the same meaning as 常道 chángdào or 规范 guīfàn (GHDC 2007 '经' 3). For example, 君人者,以己出經式義度 'when rulers gave forth their regulations according to their own views and enacted righteous measures ...' (Zhuangzi, The Normal Course for Rulers and Kings 《莊子‧應帝王》; Legge 1891) -
jīng
noun
a section of a Confucian work
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: (GHDC 2007 '经' 6) -
jīng
verb
to measure
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: 经 jīng is synonymous with 测量 cèliáng in this sense (GHDC 2007 '经' 8). -
jīng
noun
human pulse
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: 经 jīng is synonymous with 经脉 jīngmài in this sense (GHDC 2007 '经' 11). -
jīng
noun
menstruation / a woman's period
Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
Notes: 经 jīng is synonymous with 月经 yuèjīng in this sense (GHDC 2007 '经' 12).
Contained in
- 经国济民(經國濟民) to lead the nation and help the people
- 经略(經略) to perform operations / to operate according to a plan ; Chief Commander
- 经纬仪(經緯儀) theodolite
- 冲虚真经(沖虛真經) Chong Xu Zhen Jing / Liezi
- 神经突(神經突) nerve process
- 经丝彩色显花(經絲彩色顯花) warp brocade / woven fabric with single woof but colored warp
- 停经(停經) to stop menstruating
- 苦心经营(苦心經營) to build up an enterprise through painstaking efforts
- 国民经济(國民經濟) national economy
- 神经失常(神經失常) mental aberration / nervous abnormality
- 礼经(禮經) Classic of Rites
- 她经济(她經濟) she-economy reflecting women's economic contribution / euphemism for prostitution-based economy
- 十二经脉(十二經脈) twelve channels of TCM
- 礼物经济(禮物經濟) gift economy
- 经得起(經得起) to be able to withstand
- 藏经洞(藏經洞) cave holding scripture depository
- 少阳经(少陽經) one of the channels of TCM
Also contained in
广大宝楼阁善住秘密陀罗尼经 、 秘密三昧大教王经 、 五苦经 、 大方广佛华严经中卷卷大意略叙 、 秘密相经 、 经录 、 经济学人 、 佛说迴向轮经 、 佛说诸法勇王经 、 金版大藏经 、 大日经疏 、 诸经要集 、 妙臂菩萨所问经 、 长三角经济区 、 胜鬘师子吼一乘大方便方广经 、 胞胎经 、 契经 、 金刚般若波罗蜜经略疏 、 阿閦经 、 佛说毘奈耶经 、 坛经 、 玄宗朝翻经三藏善无畏赠鸿胪卿行状 、 诸法最上王经 、 佛说清净心经 、 十三经 、 睒子经 、 谤佛经 、 略释新华严经修行次第决疑论 、 大日经略摄念诵随行法 、 六度集经 、 长江三角洲经济区 、 佛说决定总持经 、 迦丁比丘说当来变经 、 大法鼓经
Word is mentioned most frequently in
Truncated for common words
- 卷二百〇六 志第一百五十九 藝文五 Volume 206 Treatises 159: Arts and Literature 5 History of Song 宋史 — count: 206
- 卷34 志第29 經籍三 Volume 34 Treatises 29: Bibliography 3 Book of Sui 隋書 — count: 171
- 卷五十九 志第四十九 藝文三 Volume 59 Treatises 55: The Arts 3 New Book of Tang 新唐書 — count: 159
- 卷二百〇七 志第一百六十 藝文六 Volume 207 Treatises 160: Arts and Literature 6 History of Song 宋史 — count: 136
- 卷二百〇五 志第一百五十八 藝文四 Volume 205 Treatises 158: Arts and Literature 4 History of Song 宋史 — count: 94
- 第九十八回 Chapter 98 Journey to the West 西遊記 — count: 80
- 卷四十七 志第二十七: 經籍下 Volume 47 Treatises 27: Literature 2 Old Book of Tang 舊唐書 — count: 77
- 卷五十一 志第三十二: 選舉一 進士諸科律科 經童科 制舉 武舉 試學士院官 司天、醫學試科 Volume 51 Treatises 32: Selection of Officials 1 - Jinshi in all Subjects and Legal Articles; Children Passing Examinations; Processes for Selecting Talented People; Successful Candidates in the Military Examinations; Institutions Administering Examinations; Astronomy Bureau; Examinations for Medicine History of Jin 金史 — count: 75
- 卷五十九 Scroll 59 Wenxuan 文選 — count: 61
- 卷一百五十五 志第一百〇八 選舉一 Volume 155 Treatises 108: Selection and appointment of Officials 1 History of Song 宋史 — count: 61
Collocations
- 经十 (經十) 經十有一年 — The Commentary of Zuo on the Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋左氏傳, 文公 Lord Wen — count: 53
- 经二十 (經二十) 經二十年 — The Commentary of Zuo on the Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋左氏傳, 襄公 Lord Xiang — count: 19
- 经七 (經七) 經七年 — The Commentary of Zuo on the Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋左氏傳, 文公 Lord Wen — count: 8
- 经五 (經五) 經五年 — The Commentary of Zuo on the Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋左氏傳, 文公 Lord Wen — count: 8
- 经四 (經四) 經四年 — The Commentary of Zuo on the Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋左氏傳, 文公 Lord Wen — count: 8
- 经二 (經二) 經二年 — The Commentary of Zuo on the Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋左氏傳, 宣公 Lord Xuan — count: 7
- 经八 (經八) 經八年 — The Commentary of Zuo on the Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋左氏傳, 文公 Lord Wen — count: 7
- 经六 (經六) 經六年 — The Commentary of Zuo on the Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋左氏傳, 文公 Lord Wen — count: 7
- 经十年 (經十年) 經十年 — The Commentary of Zuo on the Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋左氏傳, 文公 Lord Wen — count: 7
- 经三 (經三) 經三年 — The Commentary of Zuo on the Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋左氏傳, 文公 Lord Wen — count: 7