1. noun bitterness; bitter flavor
    Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Food and Drink , Concept: Flavor 味道
    Notes: One of the 五味 'five flavors', the opposite of 甜 'sweetness' (Guoyu '苦' n 1)
  2. noun hardship; suffering
    Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
    Notes: For example, the idiom 苦中作乐 'to enjoy in spite of hardship' (Guoyu '苦' n 2; Unihan '苦')
  3. verb to make things difficult for
    Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
    Notes: In the sense of 受累 or 为难 (Guoyu '苦' v 1)
  4. verb to train; to practice
    Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
    Notes: In the sense of 磨鍊 (Guoyu '苦' v 2)
  5. verb to suffer from a misfortune
    Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
    Notes: In the sense of 患 (Guoyu '苦' v 3)
  6. adjective bitter
    Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Food and Drink
    Notes: (Guoyu '苦' adj 1; Unihan '苦')
  7. adjective grieved; facing hardship
    Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
    Notes: In the sense of 艰辛; for example, 苦日子 'hard times' (Guoyu '苦' adj 2)
  8. adjective in low spirits; depressed
    Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
    Notes: In the sense of 愁闷; for example, 愁眉苦脸 'to look anxious' (Guoyu '苦' adj 3)
  9. adverb assiduously; to do one's best; to strive as much as possible
    Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
    Notes: In the sense of 尽力 (Guoyu '苦' adv; Han Dian '苦' adj 7)
  10. adjective painful
    Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
    Notes: In the sense of 痛 (Han Dian '苦' adj 4)

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文化苦旅

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