Chinese Notes

得 de dé děi

de particle potential marker
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词 , Concept: Structural Particle 结构助词
Notes: In this use, 得 is a sentence particle used after a verb to show possibility. 得 must be placed after a verb or adjective and before a complement of degree (ABC 'de' 得 sp; Kroll '得' 3; NCCED de '得' 1).
dé verb to obtain / to get / to gain / to attain / to win
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Actions 行为
Notes: The verb 得 may be used before a noun or pronoun or with a following verb. 得 is used in this sense in both literary and modern Chinese (ABC 'dé' 得 v 1; GCED '得'; Kroll '得' 1; NCCED dé '得' 1; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 122). For example, in literary Chinese, 是故君子有大道，必忠信以得之 'Thus we see that the sovereign [junzi] has a great course to pursue. He must show entire self-devotion and sincerity to attain it.' (Book of Rites, Great Learning 《禮記‧大學》, trans. by Legge 1885)
děi adverb must / ought to
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词
Notes: (ABC 'děi' 得 aux; NCCED děi '得' 2)
děi verb to want to / to need to
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词
Notes: (ABC 'děi' 得 v 1; NCCED děi '得' 1)
děi auxiliary verb must / ought to
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词
Notes: In this sense, 得 is an auxiliary verb expressing obligation. The negative form is 不用 or 不要. It began to be used in this sense from the Tang (ABC 'děi' 得 v 2; NCCED děi '得' 3; Norman 1988, p. 125).
dé foreign de
Domain: Foreign Language 外语
Notes: Used to transliterate foreign names
de infix infix potential marker
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词
Notes: 得 is one of the two infixes in Chinese, the other being 不 'not'. For example, 看得见 'can see' and 找得到 'can find' (ABC 'de' 得 infix; Kroll '得' 2; NCCED de '得' 2; Sun 2006, loc. 728).
dé verb to result in
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Actions 行为
Notes: (ABC 'dé' 得 v 2; NCCED dé '得' 9)
dé verb to be proper / to fit / to suit
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Actions 行为
Notes: (ABC 'dé' 得 v 3; NCCED dé '得' 4)
dé verb to be satisfied
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Condition 状况
Notes: (ABC 'dé' 得 v 4; NCCED dé '得' 5)
dé verb to be finished
Domain: Spoken Language 口语
Notes: (ABC 'dé' 得 v 5; NCCED dé '得' 6)
de particle result of degree
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词 , Concept: Structural Particle 结构助词
Notes: In this use, 得 is a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect or degree (NCCED de '得' 3). For example, 他都知道得清清楚楚 'he knows everything very clearly.' (Ye Shengtao, 1999, p. 6)
de particle marks completion of an action
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词
Notes: In this use in spoken Chinese, 得 is a sentence particle used after a verb to show completion of an action (NCCED de '得' 4).
děi adjective satisfying
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词
Notes: (NCCED děi '得' 4)
dé verb to contract
Domain: Health 健康
Notes: a disease (NCCED dé '得' 2)
dé particle marks permission or possibility
Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Function Words 虚词
Notes: (NCCED dé '得' 3)
dé particle expressing frustration
Domain: Spoken Language 口语
Notes: (NCCED dé '得' 8)
dé verb to hear
Domain: Classical Chinese 古文
Notes: To obtain information by hearing it (Kroll '得' 1a)
dé verb to have / there is
Domain: Classical Chinese 古文
Notes: (Kroll '得' 4)
dé verb marks time passed
Domain: Classical Chinese 古文
Notes: In this sense 得 is used before a time word (Kroll '得' 5)

Contained in

佛得角、佛得角埃斯库多、取得、得到、赢得、获得、所见即所得、所得税、不得、懂得、得知、所得、得了、觉得、使得、难得、夺得、记得、值得、显得、得很、不得不、不得了、来得及、认得、晓得、心得、不见得、不由得、得病、得意、对得起、多劳多得、怪不得、恨不得、免得、舍不得、舍得、省得、得罪、只得、总得、不得已、得不偿失、得力、得以、顾不得、求得、自得、憋得慌、必得

Texts that the word is most frequently mentioned in

Collection	Document Title	Occurrences
Daode Jing 《道德經》	With commentary by 王弼 Wang Bi	116
Book of Sui 《隋書》	卷17　志第12 律曆中 Volume 17 Treatises 12: Measures and the Calendar 2	85
History of Yuan 《元史》	卷五十二　志第四:　　曆一 Volume 52 Treatises 5: Calendar 1	83
Book of Han 《漢書》	卷二十一律曆志 Volume 21: Treatise on Rhythm and the Calendar	79
History of Ming 《明史》	卷三十三志第九曆三 Volume 33 Treatises 9: Calendar 3	79
Book of Later Han 《後漢書》	第三律曆下曆法 Volume 93: Rhythm and the Calendar Part Three	78
New Book of Tang 《新唐書》	卷二十八上　　　志第十八上　　曆四上 Volume 28a Treatises 20: Calendar 4a	71
History of Ming 《明史》	卷三十五志第十一曆五 Volume 35 Treatises 11: Calendar 5	66
History of Song 《宋史》	卷四百〇九列傳第一百六十八高定子高斯得張忠恕唐璘 Volume 409 Biographies 168: Gao Dingzi, Gao Side, Zhang Zhongshu, Tang Lin	64